jsp EL表達(dá)式詳解
目錄
- 一、EL表達(dá)式介紹
- 語(yǔ)法格式
- 二、EL獲取數(shù)據(jù)(從四大域中獲取屬性)
- 三、EL中的內(nèi)置對(duì)象
- 1、域?qū)傩韵嚓P(guān)(4個(gè))
- 2、其他重要內(nèi)置對(duì)象(4個(gè))
- 1、pageContext
- 2、param(獲取請(qǐng)求中的指定參數(shù))
- 3、paramValues
- 4、initParam
- 四、EL訪問(wèn)Bean的屬性
- 1、什么是java Bean
- 2、EL訪問(wèn)Bean屬性
- 五、EL訪問(wèn)數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)
- 六、EL獲取list中數(shù)據(jù)
- 七、EL訪問(wèn)Map
- 八、EL中的運(yùn)算符(empty)
- 1、先說(shuō)說(shuō)幾個(gè)常用運(yùn)算符
- 2、empty運(yùn)算符
- 九、自定義EL函數(shù)
- 十、EL總結(jié)
一、EL表達(dá)式介紹
- Expression Language表達(dá)式語(yǔ)言
- 是一種在JSP頁(yè)面獲取數(shù)據(jù)的簡(jiǎn)單方式(只能獲取數(shù)據(jù),不能設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù))
- 在JSP2.0開(kāi)始引入概念
語(yǔ)法格式
在JSP頁(yè)面的任何靜態(tài)部分均可通過(guò):${expression}來(lái)獲取到指定表達(dá)式的值
二、EL獲取數(shù)據(jù)(從四大域中獲取屬性)
EL只能從四大域中獲取屬性
1、如果沒(méi)有使用EL的內(nèi)置對(duì)象,則查找數(shù)據(jù)順序是依次按照由小到大范圍從四大域中查找指定名稱的屬性值
二、EL獲取數(shù)據(jù)(從四大域中獲取屬性)
EL只能從四大域中獲取屬性
1、如果沒(méi)有使用EL的內(nèi)置對(duì)象,則查找數(shù)據(jù)順序是依次按照由小到大范圍從四大域中查找指定名稱的屬性值
- pageContext<request<session<application <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <% pageContext.setAttribute("name", "linjie"); request.setAttribute("name", "lucy"); session.setAttribute("name", "king"); application.setAttribute("name", "bilibili"); %> name=${name } </body> </html>
可以看出沒(méi)有使用EL內(nèi)置對(duì)象時(shí)查找順序是由小到大,所以最先顯示的是pageContext域中的
2、使用EL內(nèi)置對(duì)象,從指定域中獲取數(shù)據(jù),提高了查找效率
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% pageContext.setAttribute("name", "linjie"); request.setAttribute("name", "lucy"); session.setAttribute("name", "king"); application.setAttribute("name", "bilibili"); %> name=${applicationScope.name }</body></html>
可以看出,使用applicationScope即可指定application域中的name輸出,當(dāng)然其他域也是類似,下文會(huì)說(shuō)這四大域?qū)傩韵嚓P(guān)的內(nèi)置對(duì)象
三、EL中的內(nèi)置對(duì)象
EL有11個(gè)內(nèi)置對(duì)象,這里主要講域?qū)傩韵嚓P(guān)的4個(gè)和其他4個(gè)
EL的11個(gè)內(nèi)置對(duì)象,除了pageContext以外,其他10個(gè)內(nèi)置對(duì)象的類型都是java.util.Map類型
1、域?qū)傩韵嚓P(guān)(4個(gè))
- pageScope:從page范圍域?qū)傩钥臻g中查找指定的key
- requestScope:從request范圍域?qū)傩钥臻g中查找指定的key
- sessionScope:從session范圍域?qū)傩钥臻g中查找指定的key
- applicationScope:從application范圍域?qū)傩钥臻g中查找指定的key
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% pageContext.setAttribute("name", "linjie"); request.setAttribute("name", "lucy"); session.setAttribute("name", "king"); application.setAttribute("name", "bilibili"); %> name=${applicationScope.name }<br> name=${pageScope.name }<br> name=${sessionScope.name }<br> name=${requestScope.name }<br></body></html>
2、其他重要內(nèi)置對(duì)象(4個(gè))
1、pageContext
該pageContext與JSP內(nèi)置對(duì)象pageContext是同一個(gè)對(duì)象。通過(guò)該對(duì)象,可以獲取到request、response、session、servletContext、servletConfig等對(duì)象注意:這些對(duì)象在EL里不是內(nèi)置對(duì)象,這些對(duì)象只能通過(guò)pageContext獲取
在EL中直接${pageContext.request}即可獲取request對(duì)象,其底層調(diào)用的是pageContext.getRequest()方法。同理,也可以通過(guò)類似方法獲取其他對(duì)象
重點(diǎn):其中最常用的:${pageContext.request.contextPath }
,代表web應(yīng)用下的根,可以看出下面action中的路徑可讀性更強(qiáng)了
Regster.java
package linjie.com;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class Regster extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath()); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); }}
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><%-- ${pageContext.request.contextPath }代表web應(yīng)用的根 --%> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/regster" method="POST"> xxx<input type="text" name="name"/><br> yyy<input type="text" name="age"/><br> <input type="submit" value="點(diǎn)擊"> </form></body></html>
2、param(獲取請(qǐng)求中的指定參數(shù))
其底層實(shí)際調(diào)用request.getParameter()
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><%-- ${pageContext.request.contextPath }代表web應(yīng)用的根 --%> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/show.jsp" method="POST"> xxx<input type="text" name="name"/><br> yyy<input type="text" name="age"/><br> <input type="submit" value="點(diǎn)擊"> </form></body></html>
show.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> name=${param.name }<br> age=${param.age }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器訪問(wèn)結(jié)果
3、paramValues
獲取請(qǐng)求中的指定參數(shù)的所以值,其底層實(shí)際調(diào)用request.getParameterValues()
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><%-- ${pageContext.request.contextPath }代表web應(yīng)用的根 --%> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/show.jsp" method="POST"> xxx<input type="text" name="name"/><br> yyy<input type="text" name="age"/><br> 愛(ài)好: <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sleep">睡覺(jué) <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="play">玩 <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat">吃 <input type="submit" value="點(diǎn)擊"> </form></body></html>
show.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> name=${param.name }<br> age=${param.age }<br> hobby[0]=${paramValues.hobby[0] }<br> hobby[1]=${paramValues.hobby[1] }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
4、initParam
獲取初始化參數(shù),其底層調(diào)用的是ServletContext.getInitParameter()
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>07eltttt</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list><!--初始化參數(shù) --> <context-param> <param-name>name</param-name> <param-value>林杰</param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <display-name>Regster</display-name> <servlet-name>Regster</servlet-name> <servlet-class>linjie.com.Regster</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Regster</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/regster</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> name=${initParam.name }</body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
四、EL訪問(wèn)Bean的屬性
1、什么是java Bean
JavaBean是公共Java類,但是為了編輯工具識(shí)別
需要滿足至少三個(gè)條件
- 有一個(gè)public默認(rèn)構(gòu)造器(例如無(wú)參構(gòu)造器)
- 屬性使用public 的get,set方法訪問(wèn),也就是說(shuō)設(shè)置成private同時(shí)get,set方法與屬性名的大小也需要對(duì)應(yīng)。例如屬性name,get方法就要寫成,public String getName(){},N大寫。
- 需要序列化。這個(gè)是框架,工具跨平臺(tái)反映狀態(tài)必須的
2、EL訪問(wèn)Bean屬性
EL可以通過(guò)${key.屬性}的方式獲取到指定值,其底層實(shí)際調(diào)用的是該對(duì)象的相應(yīng)屬性的get方法
Demo.java
package linjie.com;/* *Bean */public class Demo { private String name; private int age; public Demo(String name,int age){ this.name=name; this.age=age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return super.toString(); }}
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" import="linjie.com.Demo" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% Demo test=new Demo("linjie",12); request.setAttribute("ELttt", test); %> name=${requestScope.ELttt.name }<br> age=${requestScope.ELttt.age }<br> <!-- 若訪問(wèn)為null的對(duì)象的屬性,EL是不會(huì)拋出空指針異常的,只是不顯示而已 --> names=${requestScope.ELtttxx.name }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
五、EL訪問(wèn)數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head> <body> <% String[] names={"xlj","lucy","king"}; pageContext.setAttribute("names", names); %> name[1]=${names[1] }<br> <!-- 若訪問(wèn)的數(shù)組元素下標(biāo)超出了數(shù)組下標(biāo)上限,EL不會(huì)拋出越界異常,只是不顯示 --> names[5]=${names[5] }<br></body></html>
下面是訪問(wèn)類的數(shù)組
Stu.java
package linjie.com;/* *Bean */public class Stu { private String sname; private String address; public Stu() { super(); } public Stu(String sname, String address) { super(); this.sname = sname; this.address = address; } public String getSname() { return sname; } public void setSname(String sname) { this.sname = sname; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } @Override public String toString() { return super.toString(); }}
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" import="linjie.com.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% Stu[] stus=new Stu[3]; stus[0]=new Stu("xlj","A"); stus[1]=new Stu("lucy","B"); stus[2]=new Stu("kingA","C"); pageContext.setAttribute("stus",stus); %> stus[1].Sname=${stus[1].sname }</body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
六、EL獲取list中數(shù)據(jù)
<%@page import="java.util.*"%><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% List<String> names=new ArrayList<String>(); names.add("xlj"); names.add("lucy"); pageContext.setAttribute("names", names); %> <!-- 因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ist底層是數(shù)組,所以可以這樣寫 --> names[1]=${names[1] }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
注意:
EL可以通過(guò)索引訪問(wèn)List,但無(wú)法訪問(wèn)Set。因?yàn)镾et中沒(méi)有索引概念
七、EL訪問(wèn)Map
<%@page import="java.util.*"%><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("age", 20); map.put("name", "xlj"); pageContext.setAttribute("map", map); %> name=${map.name }<br> age=${map.age }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
八、EL中的運(yùn)算符(empty)
1、先說(shuō)說(shuō)幾個(gè)常用運(yùn)算符
- 算術(shù)運(yùn)算符:+、-、*、/、%(不支持++、–)
- 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符:==、!=、>、>=、<、<=
- 邏輯運(yùn)算符:!、&&、||、not、and、or
- 條件運(yùn)算符:?:
- 取值運(yùn)算符:[]、點(diǎn)號(hào)
2、empty運(yùn)算符
用法為${empty 變量},結(jié)果為布爾值
<%@page import="java.util.*"%><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <% String name1=null; String name2=""; List<String> name3=new ArrayList<String>(); pageContext.setAttribute("name1", name1); pageContext.setAttribute("name2", name2); pageContext.setAttribute("name3", name3); %> empty對(duì)于沒(méi)有定義的變量,運(yùn)算結(jié)果為true: empty namex=${empty namex }<br> empty對(duì)于null的引用,運(yùn)算結(jié)果為true: empty name1=${empty name1 }<br> empty對(duì)于為空串的String引用,運(yùn)算結(jié)果為true: empty name2=${empty name2 }<br> empty對(duì)于沒(méi)有元素的數(shù)組或集合,運(yùn)算結(jié)果為true: empty name3=${empty name3 }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
九、自定義EL函數(shù)
因?yàn)镋L本身不具有處理字符串能力,所以可以自定義EL函數(shù)
- 定義函數(shù)(新建MyEL.java類)
- 注冊(cè):先找到j(luò)sp2-example-taglib.tld,將頭部以及注冊(cè)函數(shù)復(fù)制到自己創(chuàng)建的.tld文件中(.tld放在WEB-INF下)
- 在index.jsp中使用,使用時(shí)需要<%@ taglib uri=”http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib” prefix=”MyEL” %>
1、定義函數(shù)MyEL.java
package linjie.com;//自定義函數(shù)//該類及其函數(shù),需要在擴(kuò)展名為.tld的xml文件中注冊(cè)//tld:tag library definition(標(biāo)簽庫(kù)定義)//xml文件是需要約束的,即需要配置文件頭部。這個(gè)頭部約束可以從一下文件中進(jìn)行復(fù)制//在Tomcat安裝目錄下:webapps\examples\WEB-INF\jsp2//文件為:jsp2-example-taglib.tld//這個(gè).tld的xml文件,需要定義在當(dāng)前web項(xiàng)目的WEB-INF目錄下,在此目錄下創(chuàng)建以.tld結(jié)尾的xml文件//將jsp2-example-taglib.tld中頭部復(fù)制到創(chuàng)建的xml文件中//再將函數(shù)注冊(cè),還是在jsp2-example-taglib.tld底部中復(fù)制public class MyEL { private static MyEL instance; public static MyEL getInstance() { if(instance==null) { instance=new MyEL(); } return instance; } //字符串小寫變大寫 public static String LowerToUpper(String str) { return str.toUpperCase(); }}
2、將jsp2-example-taglib.tld中頭部部分以及底部的注冊(cè)函數(shù)部分復(fù)制到自己創(chuàng)建的tld(在WEB-INF下)文件中
MyEL.tld
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd" version="2.0"> <!-- 定義標(biāo)簽庫(kù)信息 --> <description>A tag library exercising SimpleTag handlers.</description> <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version> <short-name>MyEL</short-name><!-- 標(biāo)簽庫(kù)名稱,一般定義成和文件名一樣 --> <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib</uri> <!-- 注冊(cè)函數(shù) --> <function> <name>MyLowerToUpper</name> <function-class>linjie.com.MyEL</function-class><!-- 方法得類 --> <function-signature>java.lang.String LowerToUpper( java.lang.String )</function-signature><!-- 方法簽名 :需要返回值以及方法名、參數(shù)--> </function></taglib>
3、在index.jsp中使用,使用時(shí)需要<%@ taglib uri=”http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib” prefix=”MyEL” %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib" prefix="MyEL" %><!-- tld中的uri和short-name --><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <!-- 這個(gè)方法名是在tld注冊(cè)時(shí)的name --> ${MyEL:MyLowerToUpper("sasas") }<br> <!-- EL函數(shù)只能處理四大域中的屬性值及String常量 --> <% String name="xlj"; pageContext.setAttribute("name", name); %> ${MyEL:MyLowerToUpper(name) }<br></body></html>
客戶瀏覽器顯示結(jié)果
十、EL總結(jié)
- EL表達(dá)式不能出現(xiàn)在Java代碼塊、表達(dá)式塊等JSP動(dòng)態(tài)代碼部分
- EL只能從四大域?qū)傩钥臻g中獲取數(shù)據(jù)(pageContext、request、session、application)
- EL不會(huì)拋出空指針異常,只會(huì)不顯示
- EL不會(huì)拋出數(shù)組越界異常,只會(huì)不顯示
- EL不具有對(duì)字符串進(jìn)行處理的能力(可以使用JSTL的EL或者自定義EL函數(shù))
到此這篇關(guān)于jsp EL表達(dá)式詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)jsp EL表達(dá)式內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持!
相關(guān)文章:
1. Jsp中request的3個(gè)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐2. 如何在jsp界面中插入圖片3. jsp實(shí)現(xiàn)textarea中的文字保存換行空格存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的方法4. 淺談SpringMVC jsp前臺(tái)獲取參數(shù)的方式 EL表達(dá)式5. JSP servlet實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳下載和刪除6. JSP頁(yè)面實(shí)現(xiàn)驗(yàn)證碼校驗(yàn)功能7. jsp實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單用戶7天內(nèi)免登錄8. JSP取得在WEB.XML中定義的參數(shù)9. JSP的Cookie在登錄中的使用10. JSP數(shù)據(jù)交互實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程解析
