Java 模擬數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池的實現(xiàn)代碼
前面學(xué)習(xí)過等待 - 通知機(jī)制,現(xiàn)在我們在其基礎(chǔ)上添加一個超時機(jī)制,模擬從連接池中獲取、使用和釋放連接的過程??蛻舳双@取連接的過程被設(shè)定為等待超時模式,即如果在 1000 毫秒內(nèi)無法獲取到可用連接,將會返回給客戶端一個 null。設(shè)定連接池的大小為 10 個,然后通過調(diào)節(jié)客戶端的線程數(shù)來模擬無法獲取連接的場景
由于 java.sql.Connection 只是一個接口,最終實現(xiàn)是由數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動提供方來實現(xiàn),考慮到本例只是演示,我們通過動態(tài)代理構(gòu)造一個 Connection,該 Connection 的代理僅僅是在調(diào)用 commit() 方法時休眠 100 毫秒
public class ConnectionDriver { static class ConnectionHandler implements InvocationHandler { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { if ('commit'.equals(method.getName())) {TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(100); } return null; } } /** * 創(chuàng)建一個 Connection 的代理,在 commit 時休眠 100 毫秒 */ public static Connection createConnection() { return (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(ConnectionDriver.class.getClassLoader(),new Class<?>[]{Connection.class}, new ConnectionHandler()); }}
接下來是線程池的實現(xiàn)。本例通過一個雙向隊列來維護(hù)連接,調(diào)用方需要先調(diào)用 fetchConnection(long) 方法來指定在多少毫秒內(nèi)超時獲取連接,當(dāng)連接使用完成后,需要調(diào)用 releaseConnection(Connection) 方法將連接放回線程池
public class ConnectionPool { private final LinkedList<Connection> pool = new LinkedList<>(); public ConnectionPool(int initialSize) { // 初始化連接的最大上限 if (initialSize > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < initialSize; i++) {pool.addLast(ConnectionDriver.createConnection()); } } } public void releaseConnection(Connection connection) { if (connection != null) { synchronized (pool) {/* 連接釋放后需要進(jìn)行通知 * 這樣其他消費者就能知道連接池已經(jīng)歸還了一個連接 */pool.addLast(connection);pool.notifyAll(); } } } /** * 在給定毫秒時間內(nèi)獲取連接 */ public Connection fetchConnection(long mills) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (pool) { // 完全超時 if (mills < 0) {while (pool.isEmpty()) { pool.wait();}return pool.removeFirst(); } else {long future = System.currentTimeMillis() + mills;long remaining = mills;while (pool.isEmpty() && remaining > 0) { pool.wait(remaining); remaining = future - System.currentTimeMillis();}Connection result = null;if (!pool.isEmpty()) { result = pool.removeFirst();}return result; } } }}
最后編寫一個用于模擬客戶端獲取連接的示例,該示例將模擬多個線程同時從連接池獲取連接,并記錄總嘗試獲取數(shù)、獲取成功數(shù)和獲取失敗數(shù)
public class ConnectionPoolTest { static ConnectionPool pool = new ConnectionPool(10); static CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1); static CountDownLatch end; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 線程數(shù)量 int threadCount = 200; end = new CountDownLatch(threadCount); int count = 20; AtomicInteger got = new AtomicInteger(); AtomicInteger notGot = new AtomicInteger(); for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) { Thread thread = new Thread(new ConnectionRunner(count, got, notGot), 'ConnectionRunnerThread'); thread.start(); } start.countDown(); end.await(); System.out.println('total invoke : ' + (threadCount * count)); System.out.println('got connection : ' + got); System.out.println('not got connection : ' + notGot); } static class ConnectionRunner implements Runnable { int count; AtomicInteger got; AtomicInteger notGot; public ConnectionRunner(int count, AtomicInteger got, AtomicInteger notGot) { this.count = count; this.got = got; this.notGot = notGot; } @Override public void run() { try {start.await(); } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); } while (count > 0) {try { // 從線程池中獲取連接,如果 1000ms 內(nèi)無法獲取到,將返回 null // 分別統(tǒng)計獲取連接的數(shù)量 got 和未獲取到的數(shù)量 notGot Connection connection = pool.fetchConnection(1000); if (connection != null) { try { connection.createStatement(); connection.commit(); } finally { pool.releaseConnection(connection); got.incrementAndGet(); } } else { notGot.incrementAndGet(); }} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();} finally { count--;} } end.countDown(); } }}
筆者設(shè)置線程數(shù)量為 200 時,得出結(jié)果如下
當(dāng)設(shè)置為 500 時,得出結(jié)果如下,當(dāng)然具體結(jié)果根據(jù)機(jī)器性能而異
可見,隨著客戶端線程數(shù)的增加,客戶端出現(xiàn)超時無法獲取連接的比率不斷升高。這種等待超時模式能保證程序出問題時,線程不會一直運(yùn)行,而是按時返回,并告知客戶端獲取連接出現(xiàn)問題。數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池的實際也可以應(yīng)用到其他資源獲取的場景,針對昂貴資源的獲取都應(yīng)該加以限制
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