最近本菜雞在學(xué)習(xí) python GUI，從 tkinter 入門，想先做個(gè)小軟件練習(xí)一下思來想去，決定做一個(gè) 計(jì)算器

首先，導(dǎo)入我們需要的包 — tkinter，并通過 實(shí)例化一個(gè) Tk 對象 創(chuàng)建窗口因?yàn)槲矣悬c(diǎn)菜，目前還把控不好各組件的位置，所以窗口使用自動(dòng)默認(rèn)的大小

import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messageboxwin = tkinter.Tk()win.title('計(jì)算器')win.mainloop()

大致 規(guī)劃 各組件的 位置

我的目標(biāo)是做成這個(gè)樣子（最終效果）

大致規(guī)劃好位置后，我創(chuàng)建了 四個(gè) Frame，如下u1s1，感覺兩三個(gè)就夠了

# 承載提示信息與輸入框的框架entry_frame = tk.Frame(win)# 承載運(yùn)算符號(hào)的框架menu_frame = tk.Frame(win)# 承載數(shù)字的框架major_frame = tk.Frame(win)# 承載等號(hào)的框架cal_frame = tk.Frame(win)entry_frame.pack(side='top')menu_frame.pack(side='left')major_frame.pack()cal_frame.pack(side='right')

下面就做一個(gè) 輸入框，分為兩部分

t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = '請輸入 : ')t_label.pack(side=’left’)word_entry = tk.Entry( entry_frame, fg = 'blue', # 輸入字體顏色，設(shè)置為藍(lán)色 bd = 3, # 邊框?qū)挾? width = 39, # 輸入框長度 justify = ’right’ # 設(shè)置對齊方式為靠右)word_entry.pack()

然后在下面的左側(cè) 排列運(yùn)算符號(hào)

for char in [’+’, ’-’, ’×’, ’÷’]: myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)

其中，myButton 類實(shí)例化一個(gè)按鈕，并且當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊按鈕時(shí)，輸入框會(huì)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的文本當(dāng)時(shí)遇到了問題 — 點(diǎn)擊按鈕無法獲得爭取的按鈕上的文本你， 解決后寫了一篇博客，傳送門

用相同的辦法 列舉各個(gè)數(shù)字

for i in range(4): num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame) num_frame.pack() if i < 3:for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4): myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))continue myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))

當(dāng)然，重置按鈕和計(jì)算按鈕 可不能忘最后的計(jì)算就懶了一點(diǎn)，直接使用 entry.get() 獲得要計(jì)算的式子，使用 eval() 函數(shù)計(jì)算，如果格式錯(cuò)誤即彈窗提示

def calculate(entry): try:result = entry.get()# 如果輸入框中不存在字符串，則 = 按鈕不管用if result == ’’: returnresult = eval(result)entry.delete(0, 'end')entry.insert(0, str(result)) except:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('錯(cuò)誤', '格式錯(cuò)誤!n請重新輸入！')reset_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = ’重置’, activeforeground = 'blue', activebackground = 'pink', width = '13', command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, 'end')).pack(side='left')result_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = ’=’, activeforeground = 'blue', activebackground = 'pink', width = '13', command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)).pack(side='right')

全部代碼

major.py

# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:06# @Author : lhys# @FileName: major.pymyName = r’’’ Welcome, my master! My Name is : ________________ ____ ______________ | | | | | | | / | / / | | | | | | | / | / / | | | | | | | / | / / | | | | | | _/ / / _______/ | | | |______| | / | | || / | | | ______ | / | | | | | | /________| | | | | | | | / / | |_______ | | | | | | / / | | | | | | | | / / |____________| |____| |____| |_____| /______________/ ’’’print(myName)import tkinter as tkfrom tools import *win = tk.Tk()win.title(’計(jì)算器’)entry_frame = tk.Frame(win)menu_frame = tk.Frame(win)major_frame = tk.Frame(win)cal_frame = tk.Frame(win)entry_frame.pack(side='top')menu_frame.pack(side='left')major_frame.pack()cal_frame.pack()# 輸入框t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = '請輸入 : ')t_label.pack(side=’left’)word_entry = tk.Entry( entry_frame, fg = 'blue', bd = 3, width = 39, justify = ’right’)word_entry.pack()# 菜單欄for char in [’+’, ’-’, ’×’, ’÷’]: myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)button_side = [’right’, ’left’]for i in range(4): num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame) num_frame.pack() if i < 3:for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4): myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))continue myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))reset_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = ’重置’, activeforeground = 'blue', activebackground = 'pink', width = '13', command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, 'end')).pack(side='left')result_btn = tk.Button( cal_frame, text = ’=’, activeforeground = 'blue', activebackground = 'pink', width = '13', command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)).pack(side='right')win.mainloop()

tools.py

# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:20# @Author : lhys# @FileName: tools.pyimport tkinterimport tkinter.messageboxdef calculate(entry): try:result = entry.get()if result == ’’: returnresult = eval(result)print(result)entry.delete(0, 'end')entry.insert(0, str(result)) except:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('錯(cuò)誤', '格式錯(cuò)誤!n請重新輸入！')class myButton(): def __init__(self, frame, text, entry, **kwargs):side = kwargs.get(’side’) if ’side’ in kwargs else ()self.btn = tkinter.Button( frame, text = text, activeforeground='blue', activebackground='pink', width='13', command=lambda :entry.insert('end', text))if side: self.btn.grid(row=side[0], column=side[1])else: self.btn.pack()

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