目錄1、系統環境，必要知識2、安裝python3.6.53、安裝Django4、安裝uWSGI5、安裝nginx6、MySQL安裝配置7、編寫一個簡單的博客系統1、系統環境，必要知識

#cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) #uname -r3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64

暫時關閉防護墻，關閉selinux：

#systemctl stop firewalld.service#setenforce 0#getenforce Permissive

準備知識：

django：一個基于python的開源web框架。

uWSGI：一個基于自有的uwsgi協議，wsgi協議和http服務協議的web網關

nginx：高性能的代理web服務器

wsgi.py：django項目自帶的wsgi接口文件（位于：項目/項目名/wsgi.py）

整個項目流程：

首先客戶端通過瀏覽器訪問服務器資源；nginx作為對外服務的端口(80)，nginx接收到客戶端http請求后會解包分析，如果是靜態文件就去配置的靜態文件中查找資源并返回給客戶端，如果是動態資源，nginx就通過配置文件將請求傳遞給uwsgi處理，并轉發給uwsgi,wsgi根據請求調用django工程的文件和函數，處理后django將返回值交給wsgi,wsgi將返回值進行打包，轉發給uWSGI，uWSGI接收到數據后轉發給nginx，最終返回給客戶端。

2、安裝python3.6.5

（1）安裝python依賴包

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel python-devel

（2）安裝python

#wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz#mkdir -p /usr/local/python356#tar zxvf Python-3.6.5.tgz#cd Python-3.6.5#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python356#make#make install#ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3#ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3#pip3 install --upgrade pip #更新pip#pip3 install ipython #安裝ipython方便調試

測試安裝是否正常：

#python3 -VPython 3.6.5#pip3 -Vpip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/python356/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)3、安裝Django

#pip3 install django#ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/django-admin /usr/local/bin/django-admin

創建項目：

#django-admin startproject mysite

創建app：

#cd mysite/#django-admin startapp app01

在項目路徑下創建模板文件目錄(templates)和靜態文件目錄(static)，后面會用到

# cd mysite/# mkdir templates static

配置setting.py文件，配置允許訪問主機名、將APP加入到項目、添加模板搜索路徑

# vim mysite/settings.pyALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] #允許本機所有地址訪問INSTALLED_APPS = [ ’django.contrib.admin’, ’django.contrib.auth’, ’django.contrib.contenttypes’, ’django.contrib.sessions’, ’django.contrib.messages’, ’django.contrib.staticfiles’, ’app01’, #加入app名]TEMPLATES = [ {’BACKEND’: ’django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates’,’DIRS’: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,’templates’)], #加入模板搜索路徑......]

在views.py文件中創建視圖函數

# vim app01/views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import renderdef index(request): return render(request,'app01/index.html')

在templates目錄中新建測試模板文件

# mkdir -p templates/app01# vim templates/app01/index.html<h1>test django server</h1>

在urls.py文件中建立路由

# vim mysite/urls.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path，re_path #添加from app01 import views #添加urlpatterns = [ path(’admin/’, admin.site.urls), re_path(’^$’,views.index,name=’index’), #添加的路由]

檢查配置是否有錯誤：

# python3 manage.py checkSystem check identified no issues (0 silenced).

運行測試服務器，測試服務是否正常

# python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000#在瀏覽器中測試是否正常顯示網頁內容#注意防火墻和selinux是否關閉或允許相關端口訪問#curl 127.0.0.1:8000<h1>test django server</h1>4、安裝uWSGI

使用python的pip工具包安裝：

#pip3 install uwsgi#ln -s /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi /usr/local/bin/uwsgi #建立軟鏈接#uwsgi --version #檢查安裝成功2.0.17

先在項目目錄下建立一個測試文件：

# vim foobar.pydef application(env,start_response): start_response(’200 ok’,[(’Content-Type’,’text/html’)]) return [b'Hello World']

然后采用測試腳本方式啟動服務：

# uwsgi --http :9000 --wsgi-file foobar.py #通過瀏覽器訪問http://ip:9000能看到hello world說明成功#然后停止服務

接下來配置uwsgi部署django服務：

#運行測試服務，--http指定服務端口，--chdir指定django項目目錄,--wsgi-file指定項目中的wsgi.py文件# uwsgi --http :9000 --chdir /opt/mysite/ --wsgi-file mysite/wsgi.py --master --ocesses 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191#通過瀏覽器http://ip:9000#如能訪問到diango模板中的html文件中的內容就算成功#我的上面django模板中配置的內容是test django server

建立uWSGI的配置文件,在django項目中建立uwsgi.ini文件，并配置好django項目，此處使用socket鏈接，后面通過nginx反向代理

#注意此處的配置指定用戶nginx必須存在[uwsgi]socket = 127.0.0.1:9090chdir = /djproject/mysitemodule = mysite.wsgi #這里填的是相對路徑master = trueprocesses = 2threads = 2max-requests = 2000vacuum = truedaemonize = /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.logstats = 127.0.0.1:9001post-buffering = 65535buffer-size = 65535harakiri-verbose = trueharakiri = 300uid = nginxpidfile = /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.pid

參數說明：

socket：使用套接字鏈接

http：通過http加端口的方式

wsgi-file：指定加載的wsgi文件

chdir：指定工程的絕對路徑，如Django的項目路徑

module：指定web應用的入口模塊，如Django項目下的wsgi.py接口文件

master：啟動主進程

processes：啟動進程數

threads：啟動線程數

max-requests：最大請求數

daemonize：指定uWSGI日志文件路徑

stats：指定狀態查詢端口,如：127.0.0.1:9001

wsgi-file：指定啟動的文件

post-buffering：設置緩沖區

buffer-size：設置緩沖區文件大小

harakiri-verbose：設置超時true為開啟

harakiri：設置超時時間

uid、gid：設置用戶和組

pidfile：指定啟動時的pid文件路徑

vacuum = true #當服務器退出的時候自動刪除unix socket文件和pid文件

uwsgi信號控制：

HUP ：優雅的重新加載所有進程和配置，同(--reload)一樣

TERM：強制重新加載主進程和配置

INT：立即殺死整個uWSGI；同于：--stop

QUIT：立即殺死真個uWSGI

重新啟動實例：

#kill -HUP `cat /tmp/project-mast.pid`#uwsgi --reload /tmp/project-master.pid

還可以在python程序中使用uwsgi.reload()重新加載

停止服務器：

#uwsgi --stop /tmp/project-master.pid#kill -INT `cat /tmp/project-master.pid`

編寫啟動腳本：

#vim /etc/init.d/uwsgi #!/bin/bash#this is uwsgi server script. /etc/init.d/functionsuwsgi=/usr/local/bin/uwsgiuwsgi_pid=/djangoproject/mysite/uwsig.piduwsgi_conf=/djangoproject/mysite/uwsigconf.iniuwsgi_pn=`ps -ef|grep -v 'grep'|grep -c 'uwsgi'`ERVAL=0start(){ $uwsgi --ini $uwsgi_conf >& /dev/unll ERVAL=$? if [ $ERVAL -eq 0 ];thenaction 'uwsgid starting ...' /bin/true elseaction 'uwsgid start is error' /bin/false fi}stop(){ $uwsgi --stop $uwsgi_pid >& /dev/null ERVAL=$? if [ $ERVAL -eq 0 ];thenaction 'uwsgid stoping ...' /bin/true elseaction 'uwsgid stop is error' /bin/false fi}case '$1' in start)if [ $uwsgi_pn -ge 5 ];then action 'uwsgi is running!' /bin/falseelse start ERVAL=0fi;; stop)if [ $uwsgi_pn -ge 5 ];then stop ERVAL=0else action 'uwsgi no running!' /bin/falsefi;; reload)if [ $uwsgi_pn -ge 5 ];then $uwsgi --reload $uwsgi_pid >&/dev/null ERVAL=$? [ $ERVAL -eq 0 ] && action 'uwsgi reloading ...' /bin/trueelse action 'uwsgi reload error' /bin/falsefi;; restart)stopsleep 2start;; *)echo $'Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}'ERVAL=2esacexit $ERVAL

centOS7 system系統服務腳本：

#cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi.service[Unit]Description=uwsgi serviceAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingPIDFile=/run/uwsgi.pidExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/uwsgi.pidExecStart=/usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.iniExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDKillSignal=SIGQUITTimeoutStopSec=5KillMode=processPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

centOS7建立system啟動腳本后需要加載下：

systemctl daemon-reload

測試服務：

#uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini #啟動服務#ps -ef|grep 'uwsgi' #查看進程root 103596 1 2 16:02 ?00:00:00 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.iniroot 103598 103596 0 16:02 ?00:00:00 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.iniroot 103599 103596 0 16:02 ?00:00:00 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini#netstat -lntp|grep 'uwsgi'tcp0 0 127.0.0.1:9090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 103596/uwsgitcp0 0 127.0.0.1:9001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 103596/uwsgi

看上面進程是少了一個主進程，通過systemctl 查看就清楚了：

#systemctl status -l uwsgi.service ● uwsgi.service - uwsgi service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 五 2018-05-25 16:02:06 CST; 4min 14s ago Process: 103593 ExecStart=/usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 103591 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/uwsgi.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 103596 (uwsgi) CGroup: /system.slice/uwsgi.service ├─103596 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini ├─103598 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini └─103599 /usr/local/python356/bin/uwsgi --ini /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini5月 25 16:02:06 ZPY systemd[1]: Starting uwsgi service...5月 25 16:02:06 ZPY uwsgi[103593]: [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /djproject/mysite/uwsgi.ini5月 25 16:02:06 ZPY systemd[1]: PID file /run/uwsgi.pid not readable (yet?) after start.5月 25 16:02:06 ZPY systemd[1]: Started uwsgi service.#通過查看uwsgi的日志，如沒報錯，就接著下一步，部署nginx5、安裝nginx

這里采用yum安裝nginx：

yum -y install nginx

配置nginx反向代理uwsgi服務：

user nginx;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { log_format main ’$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '$request' ’ ’$status $body_bytes_sent '$http_referer' ’ ’'$http_user_agent' '$http_x_forwarded_for'’; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_typeapplication/octet-stream; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server { listen 80; server_name localhost; charset utf-8; access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log; client_max_body_size 75M; location /static {alias /djproject/mysite/static/ckeditor/; #指定django的靜態文件} location / {include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; #加載uwsgi模塊uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; #所有請求轉到9090端口交給uwsgi處理} }}

此處記錄下配置uwsgi和nginx套接字通信的坑：

第一個，nginx日志報錯：

connect() to unix:///tmp/uwsgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream ......

可以明明uwsgi配置sock套接字通信在/tmp目錄下明明有uwsgi.sock文件，而且/tmp目錄是777權限，為什么nginx找不到套接字文件，經過google，百度查資料終于在stackoverflow上找到答案：是因為centOS7系統中/tmp臨時目錄，使用了命名空間的臨時目錄，對于每個服務只能訪問自己創建的臨時文件，所以我們不應該將sock文件放入/tmp目錄，而因該放入/run目錄下

第二個，uwsgi日志報錯：

bind(): Permission denied [core/socket.c line 230]

經過第一個錯誤折騰，終于可以了，但放入/run目錄后，uwsgi啟動不了了，權限不夠，這個問題解決簡單，只需給/run目錄，有uwsgi服務用戶也就是uid指定的用戶有寫入權限即可，或者直接給/run目錄777的權限但這樣不安全。

#chmod o+w /run #我的解決方法

下面是uwsgi和nginx的配置：

#vim /uwsgi.ini[uwsgi]socket = /run/uwsgi.sock #使用sock文件chdir = /mysite/myblogmodule = myblog.wsgimaster = trueprocesses = 2threads = 2max-requests = 2000vacuum = truehome = /mysitedaemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.logstats = 127.0.0.1:9001post-buffering = 65535buffer-size = 65535harakiri-verbose = trueharakiri = 300pidfile = /run/uwsgi.pidvacuum = true

#vim /etc/ningx/nginx.conf...server { ......location /static {alias /opt/mysite/static;} location / {include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:///run/uwsgi.sock; #指定sock文件 }}...6、MySQL安裝配置

#下載二進制包安裝wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gztar zxvf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql-5.5.32ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.5.32 /usr/local/mysqluseradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysqlmkdir /mysql/data -pchown -R mysql.mysql /mysql/datacd /usr/local/mysql#添加配置文件和啟動腳本cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnfcp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld#初始化數據庫./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mysql/data/echo $?#修改啟動腳本路徑sed -i ’s#^basedir=#basedir=/usr/local/mysql#g’ /etc/init.d/mysqldsed -i ’s#^datadir=#datadir=/mysql/data#g’ /etc/init.d/mysqldchmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld#啟動和關閉MySQL/etc/init.d/mysqld start/etc/init.d/mysqld stop#方法2：/usr/local/mysql/bin/msyql_safe & #后臺啟動mysqladmin shutdown #優雅關閉MySQL服務#查看運行狀態#netstat -lntup|grep 3306tcp0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 70099/mysqld#添加系統自啟動chkconfig --add mysqldchkconfig --level 345 mysqld on#添加環境變量echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profilesource /etc/profile#修改初始化密碼mysqladmin -uroot password ’123456’#建立一個數據庫，后面要用到MySQL [(none)]> create database django;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)#centOS7下通過epel源yum安裝MySQL# yum install epel-release# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-devel mariadb-server# systemctl enable mariadb# systemctl start mariadb# mysql -e 'select version();'+----------------+| version() |+----------------+| 5.5.60-MariaDB |+----------------+

#建立個數據庫后面要用到MariaDB [(none)]> create database django charset ’utf8’;MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on django.* to ’admin’@’127.0.0.1’ identified by ’123.com’;MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

（1）配置Django鏈接MySQL：

在setting中，Django默認使用的是sqlite數據庫：

DATABASES = { ’default’: {’ENGINE’: ’django.db.backends.sqlite3’,’NAME’: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ’db.sqlite3’), }}

修改成MySQL數據庫配置：

DATABASES = {’default’:{’ENGINE’: ’django.db.backends.mysql’,’NAME’: ’django’,’USER’: ’root’,’PASSWORD’: ’123.com’,’HOST’: ’127.0.0.1’,’PORT’: ’3306’,}}

ENGINE : 指定數據庫驅動，不同的數據庫這個字段不同，下面是常見的集中數據庫的ENGINE的寫法：

django.db.backends.postgresql # PostgreSQL django.db.backends.mysql # mysql django.db.backends.sqlite3 # sqlite django.db.backends.oracle # oracle

NAME: 指定的數據庫名，如果是sqlite的話，就需要填數據庫文件的絕對位置USER: 數據庫登錄的用戶名，mysql一般都是rootPASSWORD：登錄數據庫的密碼，必須是USER用戶所對應的密碼HOST: 由于一般的數據庫都是C/S結構的，所以得指定數據庫服務器的位置，我們一般數據庫服務器和客戶端都是在一臺主機上面，所以一般默認都填127.0.0.1PORT：數據庫服務器端口，mysql默認為3306HOST和PORT都可以不填，使用默認的配置，但是如果你有更改默認配置的話，就需要填入更改后的配置完這，下面就需要裝python連接mysql數據庫的驅動程序,首先，需要安裝mysql的開發包

#yum install mysql-devel #安裝MySQL插件#pip3 install mysqlclient #安裝MySQL驅動

#測試django配置# python3 manage.py check

環境搭建到此就完成了，下面開始開發項目

7、編寫一個簡單的博客系統

（1）數據建模，規劃博客內容字段

#首先裝兩個包django-ckeditor、pillow分別用來添加富文本和縮略圖用# pip3 install django-ckeditor pillow#vim app01/models.pyfrom django.db import modelsfrom django.utils import timezone #導入時間模板from django.contrib.auth.models import User #導入用戶from ckeditor_uploader.fields import RichTextUploadingField #導入富文本模板class blog_articles(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=300,verbose_name='文章標題') author = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='blog_posts',verbose_name='文章作者') body = RichTextUploadingField(verbose_name='文章內容') description = RichTextUploadingField(verbose_name='文章描述') publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now,verbose_name='發表時間') picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images') #圖片 class Meta:ordering = ('-publish',) #按時間倒序排列 def __str__(self):return self.title #顯示文章標題

（2）配置setting.py

#vim mysite/settings.pyINSTALLED_APPS = [ ’django.contrib.admin’, ’django.contrib.auth’, ’django.contrib.contenttypes’, ’django.contrib.sessions’, ’django.contrib.messages’, ’django.contrib.staticfiles’, ’app01’, ’ckeditor’, #加入模塊到項目 ’ckeditor_uploader’, #加入模板]LANGUAGE_CODE = ’zh-hans’ #配置中文TIME_ZONE = ’Asia/Shanghai’ #配置時區USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = False #關閉UTC時間STATIC_URL = ’/static/’STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),] #配置靜態文件路徑MEDIA_URL = ’/media/’ #媒體文件路由MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static') #媒體文件路徑STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static/ckeditor') #配置收集靜態文件路徑CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH = ’uploads/’ #指定媒體上傳目錄的相對路徑CKEDITOR_IMAGE_GACKEND = ’pillow’ #使用pillow模板啟用縮略圖功能#具體的ckedito配置文檔：https://pypi.org/project/django-ckeditor/

（3）配置admin.py后臺

# vim app01/admin.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom .models import blog_articles #導入數據admin.site.register(blog_articles) #加載到后臺

（4）配置url.py路由

# vim mysite/urls.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,re_path,includefrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [ path(’admin/’, admin.site.urls), re_path(’^$’,views.index,name=’index’), path(r’ckeditor/’,include(’ckeditor_uploader.urls’)) #添加ckeditor路由]

（5）收集靜態文件，生成數據并遷移

# python3 manage.py check# python3 manage.py collectstatic# python3 manage.py makemigrations# python3 manage.py migrate#執行此處會有一個警告信息，需要配置mysql嚴格模式,在setting.py文件中的DATABASES中的數據引擎中添加以下配置：’OPTIONS’: { ’init_command’: 'SET sql_mode=’STRICT_TRANS_TABLES’',},

（5）創建后臺賬戶并驗證后臺添加文章

# python3 manage.py creatsuperuserUnknown command: ’creatsuperuser’. Did you mean createsuperuser?Type ’manage.py help’ for usage.[root@PJYC7 mysite]# python3 manage.py createsuperuser用戶名 (leave blank to use ’root’): admin電子郵件地址: [email protected]: Password (again): 密碼長度太短。密碼必須包含至少 8 個字符。Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: ySuperuser created successfully.#重啟uwsgi和nginx服務# systemctl restart uwsgi# systemctl restart nginx

（6）模板展示文章

修改views.py:

#vim app01/views.py from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404from .models import blog_articlesdef index(request): #主頁 blogs = blog_articles.objects.all() return render(request,'app01/index.html',{'blogs':blogs})def center(request,article_id): #詳情頁 article = get_object_or_404(blog_articles,id=article_id) pub = article.publish return render(request,'app01/content.html',{'article':article,'publish':pub})

建立模板文件：index.html，content.html

# vim templates/app01/index.html<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset='utf-8'><title>{% block title %}個人博客{% endblock %}</title><meta name='keywords' content='個人博客' /><meta name='description' content='個人博客模板' /><link href='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/ckeditor/css/base.css' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'><link href='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/ckeditor/css/index.css' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'><script src='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/ckeditor/js/scrollReveal.js'></script></head><body> <div> <ul class='cbp_tmtimeline'> {% for i in blogs %} <li> <time class='cbp_tmtime'><span>{{ i.publish.month }}-{{ i.publish.day }}</span><span>{{ i.publish.year }}</span></time> <div class='cbp_tmicon'></div> <div data-scroll-reveal='enter right over 1s' > <h2>{{ i.title }}</h2> <p><span class='blogpic'><a href='http://www.aoyou183.cn/bcjs/{{ i.id }}' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' ><img src='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/{{ i.picture }}'></a></span>{{ i.description|safe }}</p> <a href='http://www.aoyou183.cn/bcjs/{{ i.id }}' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' target='_blank' class='readmore'>閱讀全文>></a> </div> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div># vim templates/app01/content.html<dev><h2>{{ article.title }}</h2><p><span class='blogpic'><img src='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/{{ article.picture }}'></span></p><span>{{ article.body|safe }}</span></dev>

修改路由：urls.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,re_path,includefrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [ path(’admin/’, admin.site.urls), re_path(’^$’,views.index,name=’index’), path(r’ckeditor/’,include(’ckeditor_uploader.urls’)), re_path(r’(?P<article_id>d)/$’,views.center), #詳情頁獲取ID顯示頁面]#重啟uwsgi和nginx服務....#查看顯示頁：點擊詳情頁驗證!!!

添加后臺過濾器：

#vim app01/admin.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom .models import blog_articlesclass BlogArticlesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title','author','publish') list_filter = ('publish','author') search_fields = (’title’,’body’) raw_id_fields = ('author',) date_hierarchy = 'publish'admin.site.register(blog_articles,BlogArticlesAdmin)

(7)表單示例

通過template模版與MySQL實現簡單表單交互

在app目錄下的models文件中創建model類用于生成數據表：

#cat app01/models.py from django.db import models# Create your models here.class userinfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() salary = models.IntegerField()

設置setting.py文件，將app加入到INSTALLED_APPS中：

INSTALLED_APPS = [’django.contrib.admin’,’django.contrib.auth’,’django.contrib.contenttypes’,’django.contrib.sessions’,’django.contrib.messages’,’django.contrib.staticfiles’,’app01’]

根據model類創建數據庫表：

#cmd進入django項目路徑下#python manage.py migrate #創建表結構，非model類的其他表，django所需要的#python manage.py makemigrations app名 #做數據遷移的準備如：python manage.py makemigrations app01 app01是項目中的app名字#python manage.py migrate # 執行遷移，創建medel表結構

在templages下建立模版文件：

#cat templates/app01/home.html <!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>test</title> <style> body{background-image: url(’/static/78556.jpg’); } </style></head><body><form action='' method='post'> #提交數據給自身 <p><input type='text' name='username'/></p> <p><input type='text' name='password'/></p> <p><input type='text' name='age'/></p> <p><input type='text' name='salary'/></p> <p><input type='submit' value='提交'/></p></form><table border='1'> <thead> <tr><th>用戶名</th><th>密碼</th><th>年齡</th><th>工資</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody>{% for item in data %} #循環獲取傳入字典數據<tr> <td>{{item.name}}</td> <td>{{item.password}}</td> <td>{{item.age}}</td> <td>{{item.salary}}</td></tr>{% endfor %} </tbody></table><h1>this is test file</h1><script src='http://www.aoyou183.cn/static/jquery-3.3.1.js'></script></body></html>

在app下新建視圖函數，與數據庫交互：

#cat app01/views.py

from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom app01 import models #引入數據類模版# Create your views here.def home(request): #創建home函數處理請求 if request.method == 'POST': #判斷是否為post提交 #print(request.POST) models.userinfo.objects.create( #提交表單的數據到數據庫 name = request.POST[’username’], password = request.POST[’password’], age = request.POST[’age’], salary = request.POST[’salary’],) data = models.userinfo.objects.all() #獲取數據庫數據 return render(request,’app01/home.html’,{’data’:data}) #渲染模版文件并傳遞數據庫表給模版

#此處是以post方式提交，需要修改Django項目setting設置中的MIDDLEWARE，將csrf安全機制注銷了:

MIDDLEWARE = [ ’django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware’, ’django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware’, ’django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware’, #’django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’, ’django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware’, ’django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware’, ’django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware’,]

#建立路由：

#cat mysite/urls.pyfrom django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [ path(’admin/’, admin.site.urls), path(’home/’,views.home),]

重新啟動uWSGI：

#uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid#uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

#瀏覽器訪問：http://192.168.146.139/home

#提交數據到數據庫后并返回給瀏覽器客戶端

虛擬環境搭建實例：

echo ’PS1='[[e[32;40m]u[e[0m]@[e[32;40m]h[e[0m]@[e[33;40m]A[e[0m][e[36;40m]W[e[0m][e[35;40m]<#>[e[0m]]$'’ ~/.bashrc. ~/.bashrc#配置epel源：wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoyum clean allyum makecache#按照依賴包yum install libffi-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel python-devel#安裝Python3.7wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xztar xvf Python-3.7.0.tar.xzmkdir -p /usr/local/python37cd Python-3.7.0./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python37/make && make installln -s /usr/local/python37/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3ln -s /usr/local/python37/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3pip3 install --upgrade pip#配置國內python源mkdir -p ~/.pipcat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EFO[global]timeout=60index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple[install]trusted-host=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnEFO#創建虛擬環境python3 -m venv /mysitecd mysite/git clone git://github.com/kennethreitz/autoenv.gitecho ’source /mysite/autoenv/activate.sh’ >> ~/.bashrcsource ~/.bashrcecho 'source /mysite/bin/activate' >/mysite/.env#在虛擬環境中安裝Djangopip install djangodjango-admin.py startproject myblogcd myblog/#測試Djangovim /mysite/myblog/myblog/settings.pyALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000#在虛擬環境中安裝Uwsgipip install uwsgi#測試uwsgi#創建測試文件cat test.pydef application(env, start_response):start_response(’200 OK’, [(’Content-Type’,’text/html’)])return [b'Hello World']uwsgi --http :9000 --wsgi-file test.py#使用uwsgi測試djangouwsgi --http :9000 --module myblog.wsgi#安裝nginxyum install nginxsystemctl enable nginxsystemctl start nginx#nginx配置django和uwsgi反向代理：location /static {alias /mysite/myblog;}location / {uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;uwsgi_param UWSGI_DIR /mysite/myblog;uwsgi_param UWSGI_MODULE myblog.wsgi;uwsgi_param UWSGI_ENV /mysite;}#contOS7創建系統服務cat /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service[Unit]Description=uWSGI EmperorAfter=syslog.target[Service]ExecStart=/root/uwsgi/uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/emperor.ini# Requires systemd version 211 or newerRuntimeDirectory=uwsgiRestart=alwaysKillSignal=SIGQUITType=notifyStandardError=syslogNotifyAccess=all[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target#uwsgi配置文件：[uwsgi]socket = 127.0.0.1:9000chdir = /root/mysite/myblogmodule = myblog.wsgimaster = trueprocesses = 2threads = 2max-requests = 2000vacuum = true#home = /root/mysitedaemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.logstats = 127.0.0.1:9001post-buffering = 65535buffer-size = 65535harakiri-verbose = trueharakiri = 300pidfile = /run/uwsgi.pidvenv = /root/mysite/.venv#常用選項：--http 在指定的地址上添加http端口--http-socket 使用HTTP協議綁定到指定的UNIX/TCP套接字上--wsgi-file 加載WSGI文件--processes 指定進程數--threads 指定每個進程的線程數-M --master 啟用主進程--stats 指定狀態查詢綁定地址端口,如:127.0.0.1:9001-s --socket 使用默認協議綁定到指定的UNIX/TCP套接字--chdir：指定工程的絕對路徑，如Django的項目路徑 --module：指定web應用的API，如Django項目下的wsgi.py接口文件 --max-requests：最大請求數--daemonize：指定uWSGI日志文件路徑 --post-buffering：設置緩沖區--buffer-size：設置緩沖區文件大小--harakiri-verbose：設置超時true為開啟--harakiri：設置超時時間--uid、--gid：設置用戶和組--pidfile：指定啟動時的pid文件路徑 --venv 指定python虛擬環境

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