Java發(fā)送http請(qǐng)求的示例(get與post方法請(qǐng)求)
package com.jiucool.www.struts.action; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder;public class post_request { public static final String GET_URL = 'http://www.cngolon.com/request.action?key=j0r56u2'; public static final String POST_URL = 'http://www.cngolon.com/request.action'; //get()請(qǐng)求 public static void readContentFromGet() throws IOException { // 拼湊get請(qǐng)求的URL字串,使用URLEncoder.encode對(duì)特殊和不可見(jiàn)字符進(jìn)行編碼 String getURL = GET_URL + '&activatecode=' + URLEncoder.encode('中國(guó)聚龍', 'utf-8'); URL getUrl = new URL(getURL); // 根據(jù)拼湊的URL,打開(kāi)連接,URL.openConnection函數(shù)會(huì)根據(jù)URL的類型, // 返回不同的URLConnection子類的對(duì)象,這里URL是一個(gè)http,因此實(shí)際返回的是HttpURLConnection HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) getUrl.openConnection(); // 進(jìn)行連接,但是實(shí)際上get request要在下一句的connection.getInputStream()函數(shù)中才會(huì)真正發(fā)到 // 服務(wù)器 connection.connect(); // 取得輸入流,并使用Reader讀取 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), 'utf-8') ); //設(shè)置編碼,否則中文亂碼 System.out.println('============================='); System.out.println('Contents of get request'); System.out.println('============================='); String lines; while ((lines = reader.readLine()) != null) { //lines = new String(lines.getBytes(), 'utf-8'); System.out.println(lines); } reader.close(); // 斷開(kāi)連接 connection.disconnect(); System.out.println('============================='); System.out.println('Contents of get request ends'); System.out.println('============================='); } //post()請(qǐng)求 public static void readContentFromPost() throws IOException { // Post請(qǐng)求的url,與get不同的是不需要帶參數(shù) URL postUrl = new URL(POST_URL); // 打開(kāi)連接 HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection(); // Output to the connection. Default is // false, set to true because post // method must write something to the // connection // 設(shè)置是否向connection輸出,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是post請(qǐng)求,參數(shù)要放在 // http正文內(nèi),因此需要設(shè)為true connection.setDoOutput(true); // Read from the connection. Default is true. connection.setDoInput(true); // Set the post method. Default is GET connection.setRequestMethod('POST'); // Post cannot use caches // Post 請(qǐng)求不能使用緩存 connection.setUseCaches(false); // This method takes effects to // every instances of this class. // URLConnection.setFollowRedirects是static函數(shù),作用于所有的URLConnection對(duì)象。 // connection.setFollowRedirects(true); // This methods only // takes effacts to this // instance. // URLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects是成員函數(shù),僅作用于當(dāng)前函數(shù) connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); // Set the content type to urlencoded, // because we will write // some URL-encoded content to the // connection. Settings above must be set before connect! // 配置本次連接的Content-type,配置為application/x-www-form-urlencoded的 // 意思是正文是urlencoded編碼過(guò)的form參數(shù),下面我們可以看到我們對(duì)正文內(nèi)容使用URLEncoder.encode // 進(jìn)行編碼 connection.setRequestProperty( 'Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); // 連接,從postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必須要在connect之前完成, // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream會(huì)隱含的進(jìn)行connect。 connection.connect(); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream()); // The URL-encoded contend // 正文,正文內(nèi)容其實(shí)跟get的URL中’?’后的參數(shù)字符串一致 String content = 'key=j0r53nmbbd78x7m1pqml06u2&type=1&[email protected]' + '&activatecode=' + URLEncoder.encode('中國(guó)聚龍', 'utf-8'); // DataOutputStream.writeBytes將字符串中的16位的unicode字符以8位的字符形式寫道流里面 out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close(); // flush and close BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), 'utf-8') ); //設(shè)置編碼,否則中文亂碼 String line = ''; System.out.println('============================='); System.out.println('Contents of post request'); System.out.println('============================='); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { //line = new String(line.getBytes(), 'utf-8'); System.out.println(line); } System.out.println('============================='); System.out.println('Contents of post request ends'); System.out.println('============================='); reader.close(); connection.disconnect(); }}
HttpURLConnection.connect函數(shù),實(shí)際上只是建立了一個(gè)與服務(wù)器的tcp連接,并沒(méi)有實(shí)際發(fā)送http請(qǐng)求。無(wú)論是post還是get,http請(qǐng)求實(shí)際上直到HttpURLConnection.getInputStream()這個(gè)函數(shù)里面才正式發(fā)送出去。
在readContentFromPost()中,順序是重中之重,對(duì)connection對(duì)象的一切配置(那一堆set函數(shù))都必須要在connect()函數(shù)執(zhí)行之前完成。而對(duì)outputStream的寫操作,又必須要在inputStream的讀操作之前。這些順序?qū)嶋H上是由http請(qǐng)求的格式?jīng)Q定的。
http請(qǐng)求實(shí)際上由兩部分組成,一個(gè)是http頭,所有關(guān)于此次http請(qǐng)求的配置都在http頭里面定義,一個(gè)是正文content,在connect()函數(shù)里面,會(huì)根據(jù)HttpURLConnection對(duì)象的配置值生成http頭,因此在調(diào)用connect函數(shù)之前,就必須把所有的配置準(zhǔn)備好。
緊接著http頭的是http請(qǐng)求的正文,正文的內(nèi)容通過(guò)outputStream寫入,實(shí)際上outputStream不是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)流,充其量是個(gè)字符串流,往里面寫入的東西不會(huì)立即發(fā)送到網(wǎng)絡(luò),而是在流關(guān)閉后,根據(jù)輸入的內(nèi)容生成http正文。
至此,http請(qǐng)求的東西已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備就緒。在getInputStream()函數(shù)調(diào)用的時(shí)候,就會(huì)把準(zhǔn)備好的http請(qǐng)求正式發(fā)送到服務(wù)器了,然后返回一個(gè)輸入流,用于讀取服務(wù)器對(duì)于此次http請(qǐng)求的返回信息。由于http請(qǐng)求在getInputStream的時(shí)候已經(jīng)發(fā)送出去了(包括http頭和正文),因此在getInputStream()函數(shù)之后對(duì)connection對(duì)象進(jìn)行設(shè)置(對(duì)http頭的信息進(jìn)行修改)或者寫入outputStream(對(duì)正文進(jìn)行修改)都是沒(méi)有意義的了,執(zhí)行這些操作會(huì)導(dǎo)致異常的發(fā)生。
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