Java爬蟲框架之WebMagic實戰
一、介紹
WebMagic是一個簡單靈活的Java爬蟲框架。基于WebMagic,你可以快速開發出一個高效、易維護的爬蟲。
二、如何學習
1.查看官網
官網地址為:http://webmagic.io/官網詳細文檔:http://webmagic.io/docs/zh/
2.跑通hello world示例(具體可以參考官網,也可以參考博客)
我下面寫的單元測試案例,可作為Hello World示例。
注意需要導入Maven依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>us.codecraft</groupId> <artifactId>webmagic-core</artifactId> <version>0.7.3</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>us.codecraft</groupId> <artifactId>webmagic-extension</artifactId> <version>0.7.3</version></dependency>
3.帶著一個目的
說說我的目的,最近我開發的博客系統,其中有個導入第三方博客的插件,這個插件比較簡單就是一個搜索框,在對應的搜索框里面填寫URL,點擊搜索即可導入到自己的博客。
以導入博客園單篇文章為例:
下面是我的源代碼(單篇文章導入,我已經將其封裝成一個工具類):
import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;import com.blog.springboot.dto.CnBlogModelDTO;import com.blog.springboot.entity.Posts;import com.blog.springboot.service.PostsService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider;import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;import us.codecraft.webmagic.selector.Selectable;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;/** * 導入博客園文章工具類 */@Componentpublic class WebMagicCnBlogUtils implements PageProcessor { @Autowired private PostsService postService; public static WebMagicCnBlogUtils magicCnBlogUtils; @PostConstruct public void init() { magicCnBlogUtils = this; magicCnBlogUtils.postService = this.postService; } private Site site = Site.me() .setDomain('https://www.cnblogs.com/') .setSleepTime(1000) .setUserAgent('Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'); @Override public void process(Page page) { Selectable obj = page.getHtml().xpath('//div[@class=’post’]'); Selectable title = obj.xpath('//h1[@class=’postTitle’]//a'); Selectable content = obj.xpath('//div[@class=’blogpost-body’]'); System.out.println('title:' + title.replace('<[^>]*>', '')); System.out.println('content:' + content); CnBlogModelDTO blog = new CnBlogModelDTO(); blog.setTitle(title.toString()); blog.setContent(content.toString()); Posts post = new Posts(); String date = DateUtil.date().toString(); post.setPostAuthor(1L); post.setPostTitle(title.replace('<[^>]*>', '').toString()); post.setPostContent(content.toString()); post.setPostExcerpt(content.replace('<[^>]*>', '').toString()); post.setPostDate(date); post.setPostDate(date); post.setPostModified(date); boolean importPost = magicCnBlogUtils.postService.insert(post); if (importPost) { System.out.println('success'); } else { System.out.println('fail'); } } @Override public Site getSite() { return site; } /** * 導入單篇博客園文章數據 * * @param url */ public static void importSinglePost(String url) { Spider.create(new WebMagicCnBlogUtils()).addUrl(url).addPipeline(new ConsolePipeline()).run(); }}
單元測試代碼:
import com.blog.springboot.dto.CnBlogModelDTO;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;import us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider;import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;import us.codecraft.webmagic.selector.Selectable;public class WebMagicJunitTest implements PageProcessor { private Site site = Site.me() .setDomain('https://www.cnblogs.com/') .setSleepTime(1000) .setUserAgent('Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'); @Override public void process(Page page) { Selectable obj = page.getHtml().xpath('//div[@class=’post’]'); Selectable title = obj.xpath('//h1[@class=’postTitle’]//a'); Selectable content = obj.xpath('//div[@class=’blogpost-body’]'); System.out.println('title:' + title.replace('<[^>]*>', '')); System.out.println('content:' + content); } @Override public Site getSite() { return site; } public static void importSinglePost(String url) { Spider.create(new WebMagicJunitTest()).addUrl(url).addPipeline(new ConsolePipeline()).run(); } public static void main(String[] args) { WebMagicJunitTest.importSinglePost('https://www.cnblogs.com/youcong/p/9404007.html'); }
另外我是怎么知道要爬取哪些數據呢?需求第一,然后通過Chrome或Firefox瀏覽器檢查元素,如圖:
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